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Abstract Algorithms combines deep technical articles, interactive roadmaps, and an AI assistant to turn exploration into structured engineering progression.
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Selected track:System Design Engineer
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High-signal technical reads
A curated feed of the most relevant and widely-read deep technical articles.
LLM Skills vs Tools: The Missing Layer in Agent Design
TLDR: A tool is a single callable capability (search, SQL, calculator). A skill is a reusable mini-workflow that coordinates multiple tool calls with policy, guardrails, retries, and output structure.
16 min read • 349 views
Little's Law: The Secret Formula for System Performance
TLDR: Little's Law (\(L = \lambda W\)) connects three metrics every system designer measures: \(L\) = concurrent requests in flight, \(\lambda\) = throughput (RPS), \(W\) = average response time. If l
10 min read • 192 views
Fine-Tuning LLMs: The Complete Engineer's Guide to SFT, LoRA, and RLHF
TLDR: A pretrained LLM is a generalist. Fine-tuning makes it a specialist. Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) teaches it your domain's language through labeled examples. LoRA does the same with 99% fewer tr
30 min read • 163 views
How AI Coding Agents Work: Models, Context, Sessions, and Memory
TLDR: An AI coding agent is an LLM stapled to a tool registry, wrapped in an orchestration loop that painstakingly rebuilds state on every single API call — because the model itself is completely stat
34 min read • 115 views
Streaming Agent Responses in LangGraph: Tokens, Events, and Real-Time UI Integration
TLDR: Stream agents token by token with astream_events; wire to FastAPI SSE for zero-spinner UX. 📖 The 25-Second Spinner: Why Streaming Is a UX Requirement, Not a Nice-to-Have Your agent takes 25 s
20 min read • 95 views
Real-Time Communication: WebSockets, SSE, and Long Polling Explained
TLDR: 🔌 WebSockets = bidirectional persistent channel — use for chat, gaming, collaborative editing. SSE = one-way server push over HTTP with built-in reconnect — use for AI streaming, live logs, not
23 min read • 85 views
Interactive roadmap preview
Preview your milestone sequence
Understand progression before you commit. Start at the right level and advance module by module.
1The Ultimate Guide to Acing the System Design Interview
16 min
2System Design Core Concepts: Scalability, CAP, and Consistency
14 min
3System Design Networking: DNS, CDNs, and Load Balancers
16 min
4System Design Protocols: REST, RPC, and TCP/UDP
17 min
5System Design Databases: SQL vs NoSQL and Scaling
15 min
Featured visual explainers
Concepts explained visually
Architecture maps, causal flows, and systems diagrams for faster conceptual understanding.
Architecture simulation showcase
Interactive systems intuition
Explore architecture behavior through simulation-style modules and scenario drills.
Load Balancer Behavior
Observe request distribution and hotspot mitigation.
Replication & Failover
Step through primary failure and recovery paths.
Queue Backpressure
See throughput collapse and recovery under burst load.
Knowledge graph explorer
Navigate concepts as connected systems
Trace prerequisites and adjacent concepts to learn in the right sequence.
Selected concept
System Design
Start with core foundations of System Design, then move into implementation tradeoffs and production patterns. Suggested anchors: NoSQL Partitioning: How Cassandra, DynamoDB, and MongoDB Split Data and Clock Skew and Causality Violations: Why Distributed Clocks Lie.
Suggested to learn next
NoSQL Partitioning: How Cassandra, DynamoDB, and MongoDB Split Data
24 min read
Clock Skew and Causality Violations: Why Distributed Clocks Lie
20 min read
Stale Reads and Cascading Failures in Distributed Systems
25 min read
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